The family educational models are the parenting patterns that mothers and fathers apply in the education of their children. These guidelines directly influence their comprehensive development, self-esteem, academic performance and socialization.
In recent decades, the couple relationships and family structure They have undergone profound transformations, reflecting social, cultural, and economic changes. Traditionally, marriage was conceived as a lifelong commitment, based on duty, fertility, and personal sacrifice as pillars of the family.
In this context, the gender roles were clearly defined, with a marked division of tasks and responsibilities. Relationships between fathers, mothers and children were organized under rigid hierarchies and a unquestionable authority.
Dimensions that Influence Family Education
He transformational leadership seeks to generate a positive impact on people and culture orAccording to Nardone (2003) and Santiago Almazán (2008), the family educational models They are explained through two key dimensions:
- Demand vs. Permissiveness
- Attachment vs. Detachment
These dimensions allow us to understand how bonds are established between parents and children and how they influence the emergence of conflicts, especially in the adolescence.
In our work with families and adolescents in conflict, we have found that these two variables are crucial to understanding the dynamics between authority, norms, affection and autonomy.
Types of Family Educational Models
1. Demanding/Clingy or “Overwhelming”
The parents of this group establish clear rules and discipline, while maintaining a high level of emotional involvement.
- Advantage: emotional closeness.
- Risk: overprotection and a feeling of suffocation that limits the autonomy of children.
2. Demanding/Detached or “Dictator”
This model prioritizes discipline and control, but with little emotional connection.
- They prevail rigid rules and punishments as the basis of authority.
- Risk: cold relationships, without room for dialogue or emotional empathy.
3. Permissive/Clingy or “Madraza”
In this profile the predominant affection and closeness, but clear rules are lacking.
- Mistakes are constantly forgiven.
- Risk: absence of limits, overprotection and difficulties in children developing autonomy and responsibility.
4. Permissive/Detached or “Pasota”
In this group there is hardly any educational or emotional involvement.
- They are not established no limits or authority.
- Risk: insecurity, low self-esteem, and lack of role models in children's personal development.
Conclusions: Balance in Family Parenting
The balance between demand and attachment It is essential to promote a healthy development in children and adolescents. Each parental profile has different consequences for the development of personality and the relationship with authority, affection, and autonomy.
Reflect on the different family educational models helps mothers and fathers become aware of their parenting style and move towards it more positive and balanced guidelines that promote the well-being of their children.
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