{"id":45749,"date":"2025-10-02T10:36:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T08:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/?p=45749"},"modified":"2025-10-02T10:36:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T08:36:41","slug":"ninos-derecho-internacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/noticias-eim-menores\/ninos-derecho-internacional\/","title":{"rendered":"Protection of children in war and international humanitarian law"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Childhood is still the <strong>great invisible victim of war<\/strong>. Although the <strong>international humanitarian law<\/strong> establishes reinforced protection for minors in armed conflicts, reality shows that <strong>Thousands of children are recruited, attacked or displaced<\/strong> every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article we analyze how the international legal framework seeks to protect them, what are the <strong>most frequent violations<\/strong> and the <strong>current challenges<\/strong> to ensure their safety in settings such as Yemen, Afghanistan, Palestine or Myanmar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International humanitarian law and children in armed conflict<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>children in war<\/strong> They constitute one of the most vulnerable groups. They suffer <strong>forced displacement, loss of family members, interruption of education and serious physical and psychological damage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He <strong>International Humanitarian Law (IHL)<\/strong> and the <strong>Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)<\/strong> recognize the need to provide them with a <strong>special protection<\/strong>, but the practical application is poor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International legal framework for the protection of minors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The international regulatory framework is overwhelming: <strong>Minors should not participate in armed conflicts or be subjected to attacks<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)<\/strong> \u2192 Prohibits the recruitment of minors under 15 years of age and guarantees special protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions (1977):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Protocol I (international conflicts):<\/strong> prohibits participation and military recruitment of minors under 15 years of age.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protocol II (internal conflicts):<\/strong> protects the education and assistance of children in war.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optional Protocol (2000):<\/strong> raises the minimum recruitment age to 18 years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In theory, <strong>Childhood should be protected from war<\/strong>In practice, violations are constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main violations against children in armed conflicts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The UN has identified <strong>six serious violations<\/strong> against minors in war:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Recruitment of child soldiers<\/strong> \u2192 Thousands of minors are forced to fight in Syria, South Sudan, the DRC, or Myanmar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Murders and mutilations<\/strong> \u2192 Indiscriminate bombings claim child victims.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sexual violence against minors<\/strong> \u2192 Girls and adolescents suffer abuse, sexual slavery and forced marriages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kidnappings<\/strong> \u2192 Used as hostages or for exploitation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attacks on schools and hospitals<\/strong> \u2192 They deprive children of their right to education and health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blockade of humanitarian aid<\/strong> \u2192 Children without access to food, medicine and shelter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p> These practices <strong>openly violate international humanitarian law<\/strong> and perpetuate childhood suffering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International protection and reporting mechanisms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are different protection and accountability instruments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UN:<\/strong> Every year it publishes a report on violations against children in armed conflict.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>International Criminal Court (ICC):<\/strong> In 2012, he convicted Thomas Lubanga of recruiting child soldiers in the DRC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UNICEF and ICRC:<\/strong> They work on demobilization, family reunification and educational programs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the <strong>lack of state cooperation and the prolongation of armed conflicts<\/strong> make real compliance difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45752\" style=\"width:445px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-262x174.jpg 262w, https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/derecho-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current challenges in child protection in war<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The main challenge is the <strong>gap between the norm and reality<\/strong>Although international humanitarian law is clear, its <strong>application depends on the will of the States<\/strong> and effective sanction mechanisms.<br>Besides, <strong>new war scenarios<\/strong> complicate the protection of minors:<br><strong>Hybrid Wars<\/strong> and conflicts with multiple non-state actors.<br><strong>Use of drones and artificial intelligence<\/strong> in attacks.<br><strong>Prolongation of civil and regional wars<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br> The solution is to strengthen the <strong>verification mechanisms<\/strong>, support the victims and <strong>strengthen peace education<\/strong>.He <strong>cooperative learning<\/strong> It organizes students into teams with defined roles and shared goals. It promotes inclusion, develops social skills, and prepares students for adult life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>international humanitarian law<\/strong> and the <strong>Convention on the Rights of the Child<\/strong> They provide a solid legal framework. However, as long as impunity persists and States fail to meet their commitments, <strong>Children will continue to be the most defenseless victims of war<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensuring your protection is a <strong>universal duty<\/strong> that requires more action, more resources and more accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For them to work, ongoing teacher training, pedagogical leadership, and institutional support are required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Would you like to study these and other current topics related to childhood and adolescent development? Learn about the <a href=\"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/promocion\/posgrado-intervencion-menores\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postgraduate in Intervention with Minors<\/a> and work on what you really like! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New educational methodologies should not be viewed as a fad or a panacea. They represent a necessary path to addressing the challenges of the 21st century. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":45750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[222],"tags":[475,470,469,468,467,463,473,484,479,466,480,464,485,471,472,481,465,476],"class_list":["post-45749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-eim-menores","tag-ataques-a-escuelas-y-hospitales","tag-ayuda-humanitaria-para-ninos-en-guerra","tag-convencion-sobre-los-derechos-del-nino","tag-corte-penal-internacional-y-ninos-soldados","tag-derecho-internacional-humanitario-y-ninos","tag-derechos-de-los-menores-en-conflictos-armados","tag-desplazamiento-forzado-infantil","tag-impacto-de-la-guerra-en-la-infancia","tag-infancia-y-conflictos-armados","tag-ninos-soldados","tag-onu-y-proteccion-infantil","tag-proteccion-de-los-ninos-en-la-guerra","tag-proteccion-juridica-de-los-menores-en-la-guerra","tag-protocolos-adicionales-de-ginebra-y-menores","tag-reclutamiento-infantil-en-conflictos-armados","tag-unicef-y-derechos-de-los-ninos-en-conflictos","tag-violaciones-contra-la-infancia-en-guerras","tag-violencia-sexual-contra-menores-en-conflictos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45753,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45749\/revisions\/45753"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}