{"id":45869,"date":"2025-10-23T16:33:11","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T14:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/?p=45869"},"modified":"2025-11-06T09:35:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T08:35:18","slug":"autolesiones-conducta-suicida-adolescentes-mediacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/noticias-eim-menores\/autolesiones-conducta-suicida-adolescentes-mediacion\/","title":{"rendered":"Autolesions i conductes su\u00efcides en adolescents: senyals, detecci\u00f3 i resposta des de la mediaci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les <strong>autolesions<\/strong> i les <strong>conductes su\u00efcides<\/strong> a l&#039;adolesc\u00e8ncia s\u00f3n una <strong>senyal de patiment<\/strong> i una <strong>petici\u00f3 d&#039;ajuda<\/strong> que no podem ignorar. Darrere d&#039;un tall, una cremada o una conducta impulsiva hi sol haver <strong>dolor emocional intens<\/strong> i dificultats per <strong>regular<\/strong> o <strong>expressar<\/strong> el que se sent.<br>En aquesta guia expliquem <strong>qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n<\/strong>, <strong>com detectar-les a temps<\/strong> i <strong>quines intervencions funcionen<\/strong>, amb pautes concretes per <strong>centres educatius, serveis psicosocials i equips de mediaci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 entenem per autolesi\u00f3 i conducta su\u00efcida<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Autolesi\u00f3 (NSSI)<\/strong>: dany deliberat al propi cos <strong>sense intenci\u00f3 de morir<\/strong> (p. ex., talls, cremades, cops). Sol funcionar com <strong>regulaci\u00f3 emocional<\/strong>, sensaci\u00f3 de control o <strong>autoc\u00e0stig<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conducta su\u00efcida<\/strong>: abasta <strong>ideaci\u00f3<\/strong>, <strong>plans<\/strong>, <strong>intents<\/strong> i <strong>su\u00efcidi consumat<\/strong>; existeix <strong>intenci\u00f3<\/strong> (o risc clar) de morir.<br>Encara que s\u00f3n <strong>constructes diferents<\/strong>, <strong>coexisteixen sovint<\/strong> i comparteixen factors de risc. Avaluar-les <strong>conjuntament<\/strong> millora la prevenci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Per qu\u00e8 estem veient m\u00e9s casos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A la darrera d\u00e8cada, m\u00faltiples sistemes de vigil\u00e0ncia i serveis d&#039;urg\u00e8ncies han observat <strong>m\u00e9s consultes<\/strong> per autolesions i ideaci\u00f3\/intentones en adolescents, especialment <strong>noies<\/strong>, i en contextos amb <strong>bullying<\/strong>, <strong>tensi\u00f3 acad\u00e8mica<\/strong> o <strong>crisis familiars<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 ha portat a <strong>salut<\/strong> i <strong>educaci\u00f3<\/strong> a prioritzar protocols de detecci\u00f3 i resposta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factors de risc (model multifactorial)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Individuals<\/strong>: depressi\u00f3, TCA, impulsivitat, baixa toler\u00e0ncia a la frustraci\u00f3, intents previs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Familiars<\/strong>: conflicte cr\u00f2nic, viol\u00e8ncia, neglig\u00e8ncia, comunicaci\u00f3 deficit\u00e0ria, hist\u00f2ria familiar de su\u00efcidi o malaltia mental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Socials i escolars<\/strong>: assetjament, exclusi\u00f3, pressi\u00f3 acad\u00e8mica, consum de subst\u00e0ncies, <strong>acc\u00e9s a mitjans letals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Culturals i medi\u00e0tics<\/strong>: <strong>efecte contagi<\/strong> per cobertures inadequades, normalitzaci\u00f3 de l&#039;autolesi\u00f3 a les xarxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Senyals d&#039;alarma: qu\u00e8 cal observar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Canvis bruscos al <strong>estat d&#039;\u00e0nim<\/strong> (tristesa, irritabilitat), <strong>a\u00efllament<\/strong>, p\u00e8rdua dinter\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ferides<\/strong> o cicatrius inexplicades, \u00fas persistent de <strong>m\u00e0nigues llargues<\/strong> en calor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Missatges sobre <strong>buit<\/strong>, <strong>culpa<\/strong>, <strong>comiats<\/strong> o \u201cno tenir sentit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Impulsivitat<\/strong>, consum de subst\u00e0ncies, <strong>baixada acad\u00e8mica<\/strong> i <strong>conflictes<\/strong> a casa o aula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Claus per detectar a temps<\/strong><br>Formar professorat, orientadors\/es, educadors\/es i mediadors\/es per a <strong>preguntar de forma directa i emp\u00e0tica<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cQuan et sents desbordat\/da, t&#039;has fet mal o has pensat fer-te mal?\u201d<br>Preguntes <strong>clares, sense judici<\/strong> i amb <strong>temps per escoltar<\/strong> faciliten que l&#039;adolescent s&#039;obri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avaluaci\u00f3 inicial i pla de seguretat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Davant indicis, valora immediatament:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Risc actual<\/strong> (intenci\u00f3, pla, mitjans disponibles).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia i m\u00e8tode<\/strong> de les autolesions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Desencadenants<\/strong> recents (conflictes, p\u00e8rdues, bullying).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xarxa de suport<\/strong> (fam\u00edlia, iguals, referents adults).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pla de seguretat b\u00e0sic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Retirar o <strong>limitar acc\u00e9s a mitjans<\/strong> perillosos a casa\/centre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identificar <strong>senyals primerencs<\/strong> i <strong>estrat\u00e8gies alternatives<\/strong> (respiraci\u00f3, distracci\u00f3 conductual, contacte amb adult de refer\u00e8ncia).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Llistar <strong>persones i recursos<\/strong> als quals acudir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fixar <strong>passos d&#039;emerg\u00e8ncia<\/strong> (a qui avisar i com).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En risc <strong>alt<\/strong>: activar <strong>urg\u00e8ncies<\/strong> o <strong>salut mental<\/strong>; en risc <strong>moderat\/baix<\/strong>: derivaci\u00f3 preferent, seguiment estret i coordinaci\u00f3 interprofessional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intervencions que funcionen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ter\u00e0pia cognitiu-conductual (TCC)<\/strong> adaptada a conducta su\u00efcida\/autolesiva: habilitats d\u201fafrontament, soluci\u00f3 de problemes, reestructuraci\u00f3 cognitiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ter\u00e0pia dial\u00e8ctico-conductual (TDC) per a adolescents<\/strong>: regulaci\u00f3 emocional, toler\u00e0ncia al malestar, efic\u00e0cia interpersonal i <strong>prevenci\u00f3 de recaigudes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Treball amb la fam\u00edlia<\/strong>: millorar comunicaci\u00f3, reduir conflicte, <strong>alinear<\/strong> pautes i supervisi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suport escolar<\/strong>: protocols antibullying, tutories, acc\u00e9s a conselleria i espais segurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Farmacoter\u00e0pia<\/strong>: nom\u00e9s per <strong>comorbiditats<\/strong> (p. ex., depressi\u00f3), <strong>mai<\/strong> com a \u00fanic abordatge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El paper de la mediaci\u00f3 amb menors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La mediaci\u00f3 <strong>no substitueix<\/strong> a la ter\u00e0pia ni a la intervenci\u00f3 cl\u00ednica, per\u00f2 <strong>s\u00ed<\/strong> pot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Desescalar<\/strong> conflictes familiars i escolars que mantenen el malestar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Estructurar acords<\/strong> de conviv\u00e8ncia (\u00fas de pantalles, horaris, temps d&#039;estudi\/lleure).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facilitar <strong>di\u00e0leg segur<\/strong> entre adolescent, fam\u00edlia i centre educatiu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coordinar<\/strong> amb salut mental i serveis socials, respectant <strong>confidencialitat<\/strong> i els seus l\u00edmits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bones pr\u00e0ctiques en mediaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Revisions<\/strong> peri\u00f2diques de l&#039;acord i <strong>derivaci\u00f3<\/strong> si el risc augmenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protocol m\u00ednim per a centres educatius i serveis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Checklist operatiu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pla post-crisi<\/strong> (acompanyament, reintegrament a aules, seguiment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Procediment de <strong>detecci\u00f3<\/strong> i <strong>derivaci\u00f3<\/strong> clar (qui fa qu\u00e8 i quan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Formaci\u00f3<\/strong> anual a claustre i equips (preguntar, contenir, derivar).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pla de seguretat<\/strong> tipus (retirada de mitjans, contactes clau).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Circuit de <strong>coordinaci\u00f3<\/strong> amb salut mental\/serveis socials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Criteris de comunicaci\u00f3<\/strong> amb fam\u00edlies i registre protegit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comunicaci\u00f3 responsable i treball amb fam\u00edlies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Evitar <strong>minimitzar<\/strong> (\u201cvol cridar l&#039;atenci\u00f3\u201d) i tamb\u00e9 <strong>dramatitzar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Substituir \u201cper qu\u00e8 ho fas?\u201d per \u201cqu\u00e8 estaves sentint <strong>abans<\/strong> de fer-ho?\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acordar <strong>normes clares<\/strong> i <strong>predictibles<\/strong> a casa; refor\u00e7ar <strong>conductes d&#039;autocura<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En xarxes i mitjans interns, <strong>no descriure m\u00e8todes<\/strong> ni mostrar imatges dautolesi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Si hi ha risc imminent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No deixar sol\/a<\/strong> a l&#039;adolescent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Retirar mitjans<\/strong> perillosos accessibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contactar amb <strong>emerg\u00e8ncies<\/strong> o el <strong>recurs de crisi<\/strong> local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Informar a la <strong>fam\u00edlia\/tutor legal<\/strong> i <strong>activar<\/strong> el circuit cl\u00ednic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ajuda immediata (Espanya):<\/strong> Emerg\u00e8ncies <strong>112<\/strong> \u00b7 L\u00ednia 24\/7 de conducta su\u00efcida <strong>024<\/strong>.<br>Si ets a un altre pa\u00eds, truca als <strong>serveis d&#039;emerg\u00e8ncia<\/strong> de la teva zona oa una <strong>l\u00ednia d&#039;ajuda local<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preguntar per su\u00efcidi \u201cd\u00f3na idees\u201d?<\/strong><br>No. Preguntar <strong>de forma directa i respectuosa<\/strong> s&#039;associa amb <strong>reducci\u00f3<\/strong> del risc i <strong>major acc\u00e9s<\/strong> a ajuda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I si l&#039;autolesi\u00f3 no \u00e9s greu?<\/strong><br>Tota autolesi\u00f3 <strong>mereix avaluaci\u00f3<\/strong>. El \u201clleu\u201d pot escalar, i sempre indica <strong>malestar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Es pot intervenir en ple episodi de crisi?<\/strong><br>La <strong>crisi aguda<\/strong> s&#039;at\u00e9n primer per <strong>salut mental<\/strong>. La mediaci\u00f3 \u00e9s \u00fatil <strong>despr\u00e9s<\/strong>, per pactar suports i rutines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>No \u00e9s una \u201cmoda\u201d: \u00e9s <strong>patiment real<\/strong>. Detectar <strong>aviat<\/strong>, <strong>coordinar<\/strong> respostes i <strong>acompanyar sense judici<\/strong> salva vides. La mediaci\u00f3 amb menors, integrada amb salut i educaci\u00f3, <strong>redueix conflicte<\/strong>, millora la <strong>comunicaci\u00f3<\/strong> i sost\u00e9 <strong>canvis duradors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T&#039;agradaria estudiar aquests i altres temes d&#039;actualitat pel que fa al desenvolupament de la inf\u00e0ncia i l&#039;adolesc\u00e8ncia? Informa&#039;t sobre el <a href=\"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/promocion\/posgrado-intervencion-menores\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postgrau en Intervenci\u00f3 amb Menors<\/a> i treballa en all\u00f2 que realment t&#039;agrada! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les autolesions i les conductes su\u00efcides a l&#039;adolesc\u00e8ncia s\u00f3n un senyal de patiment i una petici\u00f3 d&#039;ajuda que no podem ignorar. Darrere d&#039;un tall, una cremada o una conducta impulsiva hi sol haver dolor emocional intens i dificultats per regular o expressar el que se sent. <a title=\"Autolesions i conductes su\u00efcides en adolescents: senyals, detecci\u00f3 i resposta des de la mediaci\u00f3\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/noticias-eim-menores\/autolesiones-conducta-suicida-adolescentes-mediacion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre Autolesions i conductes su\u00efcides en adolescents: senyals, detecci\u00f3 i resposta des de la mediaci\u00f3\">Llegir m\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":45870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[222],"tags":[525,219,522,526,523,524,187,521],"class_list":["post-45869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-eim-menores","tag-autolesiones","tag-bullying","tag-conducta-suicida","tag-familia-escuela","tag-mediacion-con-menores","tag-plan-de-seguridad","tag-prevencion","tag-salud-mental-adolescente"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45869"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45872,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45869\/revisions\/45872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eimediacion.edu.es\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}